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Solana 开发学习之通过RPC与Solana交互

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Solana 开发学习之通过RPC与Solana交互

相关链接

JSON-RPC 2.0 规范

JSON-RPC 是一种无状态、轻量级远程过程调用 (RPC) 协议。该规范主要定义了几种数据结构及其处理规则。它与传输无关，因为这些概念可以在同一进程中、通过套接字、通过 http 或在许多不同的消息传递环境中使用。它使用JSON ( RFC 4627 ) 作为数据格式。

接口RPC

节点相关接口

获取集群节点信息

通过getClusterNodes方法可以获得当前网络内，集群节点的相关信息，比如验证者的key，节点IP，节点版本等。

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
        "method": "getClusterNodes"
    }
    '
    
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"featureSet":3580551090,"gossip":"67.209.54.90:8001","pubkey":"7pbH563fFai2Gm8aXGi27Toj1i7x55rGp7QQ8ZQt6C7i","pubsub":null,"rpc":null,"shredVersion":503,"tpu":"67.209.54.90:8004","tpuQuic":"67.209.54.90:8010","version":"1.17.21"},{"featureSet":3580551090,"gossip":"37.27.61.250:8000","pubkey":"HPpYXZ944SXpJB3Tb7Zzy2K7YD45zGREsGqPtEP43xBx","pubsub":null,"rpc":null,"shredVersion":503,"tpu":"37.27.61.250:8003","tpuQuic":"37.27.61.250:8009","version":"1.17.22"},

......
{"featureSet":3011420684,"gossip":"69.197.5.60:8001","pubkey":"FKizb2faoz57ym1bTWcZhei3aUZu7eU5AiY1EYoZsok6","pubsub":null,"rpc":null,"shredVersion":503,"tpu":null,"tpuQuic":null,"version":"1.17.5"}],"id":1}

区块相关接口

获取当前区块高度

通过getBlockHeight可以获取当前的区块高度

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}

获取最近的Block Hash

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "id":1,
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"getLatestBlockhash",
        "params":[
        {
            "commitment":"processed"
        }
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280325472},"value":{"blockhash":"9ebRPaCY2pcKAPhWzjDtmLArbSzAH1Mb5n8PZzXKbW8X","lastValidBlockHeight":268622097}},"id":1}

获取指定高度block的信息

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlock",
        "params": [
            174302734,
            {
                "encoding": "jsonParsed",
                "maxSupportedTransactionVersion":0,
                "transactionDetails":"full",
                "rewards":false
            }
        ]
    }
    '

获取指定block的确认状态

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
        "method": "getBlockCommitment",
        "params":[174302734]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"commitment":null,"totalStake":158091345604635247},"id":1}

一次性获取多个Block的信息

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1,
        "method": "getBlocks",
        "params": [
            174302734, 174302735
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[174302734,174302735],"id":1}

分页获取Block

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
  {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id":1,
    "method":"getBlocksWithLimit",
    "params":[174302734, 3]
  }
'
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[174302734,174302735,174302736],"id":1}

Slot和Epoch相关接口

获取当前Epoch信息

epoch在一般POS中比较常见，表示这个周期内，一些参与验证的节点信息是固定的，如果有新 节点或者节点权重变更，将在下一个epoch中生效。

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getEpochInfo"}
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"absoluteSlot":280331471,"blockHeight":268627796,"epoch":648,"slotIndex":395471,"slotsInEpoch":432000,"transactionCount":13011134475},"id":1}

获取Epoch的调度信息

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getEpochSchedule"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"firstNormalEpoch":0,"firstNormalSlot":0,"leaderScheduleSlotOffset":432000,"slotsPerEpoch":432000,"warmup":false},"id":1}

获取最新Slot

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
        {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getSlot"}
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":280333661,"id":1}

账号相关接口

获取Account信息

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}0

"executable"表示 是否为可执行合约

"lamports"表示余额，这里精度*10^9

所有普通账号的Owner都是系统根账号： "11111111111111111111111111111111"

获取账号余额

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}1

获取某个合约管理的所有Account

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}2

SPL-Token相关接口

获取某个Token Account账号的余额

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}3

交易相关接口

返回分类账中的当前交易计数

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}4

返回已确认交易的交易详细信息

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}5

推送RPC

  • accountSubscribe : 订阅Account的变化，比如lamports

  • logsSubscribe : 订阅交易的日志

  • programSubscribe ： 订阅合约Account的变化

  • signatureSubscribe : 订阅签名状态变化

  • slotSubscribe : 订阅slot的变化

每个事件，还有对应的Unsubscribe动作，取消订阅。将上面的Subscribe替换成Unsubscribe即可。

安装wscat

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}6

建立连接

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}7

订阅合约所属于Account事件

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}8

image-20240222154944082.png

练习

通过curl和wscat命令行来模拟一个监视钱包动作

创建账号

  • SOL账号： 6SWBzQWZndeaCKg3AzbY3zkvapCu9bHFZv12iiRoGvCD

  • SPL-Token(Mint Account): E7eHC3g4QsFXuaBe3X2wVr54yEvHK8K8fq6qrgB64djx

  • Token Account: HDv1RgdHjrjSdnTFJsMqQGPcKTiuF7zLjhNaSd7ihbKh

实时展示余额变化（订阅SOL余额变化）

获取1sol

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,
        "method":"getBlockHeight"
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268621259,"id":1}9

订阅Account变化

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "id":1,
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"getLatestBlockhash",
        "params":[
        {
            "commitment":"processed"
        }
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280325472},"value":{"blockhash":"9ebRPaCY2pcKAPhWzjDtmLArbSzAH1Mb5n8PZzXKbW8X","lastValidBlockHeight":268622097}},"id":1}0

image-20240222160607354.png

列出已知SPL-Token的余额

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "id":1,
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"getLatestBlockhash",
        "params":[
        {
            "commitment":"processed"
        }
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280325472},"value":{"blockhash":"9ebRPaCY2pcKAPhWzjDtmLArbSzAH1Mb5n8PZzXKbW8X","lastValidBlockHeight":268622097}},"id":1}1

获取SPL-Token下有多少 Token Account:

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "id":1,
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"getLatestBlockhash",
        "params":[
        {
            "commitment":"processed"
        }
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280325472},"value":{"blockhash":"9ebRPaCY2pcKAPhWzjDtmLArbSzAH1Mb5n8PZzXKbW8X","lastValidBlockHeight":268622097}},"id":1}2

实时展示SPL-Token余额变化

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "id":1,
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"getLatestBlockhash",
        "params":[
        {
            "commitment":"processed"
        }
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280325472},"value":{"blockhash":"9ebRPaCY2pcKAPhWzjDtmLArbSzAH1Mb5n8PZzXKbW8X","lastValidBlockHeight":268622097}},"id":1}3

转账交易

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "id":1,
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"getLatestBlockhash",
        "params":[
        {
            "commitment":"processed"
        }
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280325472},"value":{"blockhash":"9ebRPaCY2pcKAPhWzjDtmLArbSzAH1Mb5n8PZzXKbW8X","lastValidBlockHeight":268622097}},"id":1}4

注意：转账2次，第一次监听连接断开故没有监控到。

查询余额

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "id":1,
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"getLatestBlockhash",
        "params":[
        {
            "commitment":"processed"
        }
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280325472},"value":{"blockhash":"9ebRPaCY2pcKAPhWzjDtmLArbSzAH1Mb5n8PZzXKbW8X","lastValidBlockHeight":268622097}},"id":1}5

websocket 监控收到

curl https://api.devnet.solana.com -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '
    {
        "id":1,
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"getLatestBlockhash",
        "params":[
        {
            "commitment":"processed"
        }
        ]
    }
    '
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"context":{"apiVersion":"1.17.21","slot":280325472},"value":{"blockhash":"9ebRPaCY2pcKAPhWzjDtmLArbSzAH1Mb5n8PZzXKbW8X","lastValidBlockHeight":268622097}},"id":1}6

image-20240222162859547.png


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